Medicine in Ancient Egypt vs Ancient Greece Essay - 753 Words

Ancient civilizations played a massive role in how physicians today practice medicine. Without the ideas of ancient Egypt and ancient Greece, modern medicine may have been different. I feel that these two civilizations are responsible for many diagnostic tools we use today. I will be comparing and contrasting the medicinal practices of ancient Egypt and ancient Greece. By reading various papyri we are able to dive into the Egyptian practice of medicine. These papyri explore various illnesses and their cures. Papyrus texts reveal that doctors had detailed knowledge of the various body systems. The knowledge of medicine, anatomy and the functioning of the human body has been attributed to the embalming procedures practiced by the†¦show more content†¦Like that of Egypt, ancient Greece also believed in gods. Asclepius is the god of medicine and healing. Healing temples were built in Asclepius’ honor. People would flock to these healing temples because they believed that all of their illnesses would be cured. Greek physicians also believed in using magic and rituals and cure patients of sickness. In Greece, medicine and religion were strongly tied together. Hippocrates, known as â€Å"the father of medicine† wanted to separate medicine from the divine. He began to question patients to properly help them. Hippocrates would ask patients how they felt, he would check their symptoms and then diagnosis and treat them. He influenced our world of modern medicine because this is how physicians today treat patients. He also introduced case studies, which was the first step in modern medicine. Greeks also used various herbs to treat illness. Anise, a flowering plant, was used to help relieve women of menstrual cramps. Black hellebore was used to help treat paralysis and gout. Greeks also believed that we were made out of substances known as the four humors; sanguine (blood), choleric (yellow bile) , melancholic (black bile) and phlegmatic (phlegm). Gr eeks believed that if you were healthy, that was because your four humors were balanced. If you had too much of one humor, you would be unbalanced and you would feel ill. For example, if you has too much blood it would give youShow MoreRelatedThe History and Uses of Casein Essay790 Words   |  4 Pagesmammalian-produced protein. (â€Å"Facts That You Need To Know About CASEIN† 1) On top of this, â€Å"Observational and intervention studies show that cows milk most likely has a positive influence on growth in children.† (â€Å"Positive Effects on Children: Whey vs. Casein. 1) There are two types of casein – technical and edible. Edible casein is what is commonly added into foods and supplements. 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A Mision Statement Free Essays

Mission Statement 2 The Importance of a Mission Statement In helping students achieve at their greatest potential it is necessary for me to provide them with the necessary tools for accomplishing high success. One vital tool for my success (Canter, 2009) as well as the success of my students is to have a mission statement about my teaching beliefs that help guide my instructional planning, interactions with students and difficult times that might arise during teaching. Another tool that will help drive my mission statement is to collaborate with colleagues, parents and various organizations in order to stay abreast as to what changes need to take place in and out of the classroom. We will write a custom essay sample on A Mision Statement or any similar topic only for you Order Now In staying deeply committed to my mission statement, it will be important for me to display it in my classroom as a constant reminder of what I want to accomplish as a teacher. My mission is as follows: To create a safe and positive learning environment that will allow students to achieve at their greatest potential with an emphasis on recognizing individual differences. After intensely collaborating with several colleagues and a parent, I found it necessary to revise my mission statement in order to clarify what is most important to me as a teacher. My revised statement: To create a safe and positive learning environment while developing high morals and values, with an emphasis on academic excellence by recognizing individual differences in a multicultural society. As a daily reminder of what I would like to accomplish as a teacher, I would display my mission statement on the front wall of my classroom as well as tape it on the inside of my lesson plan book. By displaying my mission statement on the front wall, it will not only keep me reminded as to what I want to accomplish, but it will also give my students, their parents, and my colleagues the opportunity of knowing what my goals are as an educator. By having my mission Mission Statement 3 The Importance of a Mission Statement statement taped in my planning book as a constant reminder of my mission statement, it will also help guide me during my instructional planning. Every classroom that I have had, consisted of students on various academic levels. Therefore, in my instructional planning; I will create assignments and strategies so that each student can successfully learn at his or her academic level. It is my desire to have comfortable and positive interactions with all students and treat each with dignity and respect. I have experienced that when students feel safe and are comfortable in the classroom with their teacher, they are more at ease with learning or even making mistakes. Also, in order to make a positive difference in the lives of my students, my interactions with them must remain respectful at all times. Once I loose their respect, it will be difficult to gain it back. At the same time, it is also important for students to show respect with their teacher and other people as well. Reflecting on a book, (Nieto, 2003) there are many challenges and obstacles that teachers face in their career. Even though I am viewed as a positive person, there are times when difficulties arise. My most difficult times are meeting deadlines, unpleasant conferences with parents or colleagues and behavioral challenges with a student. During times of difficulty and doubt is when I will need to read and reread my mission statement the most, as a reminder of what I want to accomplish as a teacher. However, what ever the difficulty is, by staying focused on my mission statement will help in achieving my goals. Therefore, while staying focused, it is also imperative that I remain positive. Mission Statement 4 The Importance of a Mission Statement In conclusion, with the guidance of my mission statement, I hope to build a strong foundation for academic excellence in the classroom. In having a strong foundation for academic excellence, it is important for all students to demonstrate respect, good morals and values that will help them develop as a learner and a person. As an effective teacher, I should exemplify characteristics that will gain the trust and belief from my students (Kottler, A. , Zehm, Kottler, E. , 2005). Also, staying focused and committed on a daily basis are essential actors I need to exhibit in order to successfully achieve my goals. In short, constantly reminding myself, as to what I want to accomplish for maintaining a highly-qualified teacher is vital for my success. References Kottler, J. A. , Zehm, S. J. , Kottler, E. (2005). On being a teacher: The human dimension (3rd ed. ). Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press. Laureate Education, Inc. (2008). The power of mission. . Baltimore, MD: Author Nieto, S. (2003). What keeps teachers going? New York: Teachers College Press. How to cite A Mision Statement, Essay examples

Positive Genetic Engineering Essay Example For Students

Positive Genetic Engineering Essay Genetic Engineering: A leap in to the future or a leap towards destruction?IntroductionScience is a creature that continues to evolve at a much higher rate than the beings that gave it birth. The transformation time from tree-shrew, to ape, to human far exceeds the time from an analytical engine, to a calculator, to a computer. However, science, in the past, has always remained distant. It has allowed for advances in production, transportation, and even entertainment, but never in history has science be able to so deeply affect our lives as genetic engineering will undoubtedly do. With the birth of this new technology, scientific extremists and anti-technologists have risen in arms to block its budding future. Spreading fear by misinterpretation of facts, they promote their hidden agendas in the halls of the United States congress. They fear that it is unsafe; however, genetic engineering is a safe and powerful tool that will yield unprecedented results, specifically in the field of medicine. It will usher in a world where gene defects, bacterial disease, and even aging are a thing of the past. By understanding genetic engineering and its history, discovering its possibilities, and answering the moral and safety questions it brings forth, the blanket of fear covering this remarkable technical miracle can be lifted. The first step to understanding genetic engineering and embracing its possibilities for society is to obtain a rough knowledge base of its history and method. The basis for altering the evolutionary process is dependant on the understanding of how individuals pass on characteristics to their offspring. Genetics achieved its first foothold on the secrets of natures evolutionary process when an Austrian monk named Gregor Mendel developed the first laws of heredity. Using these laws, scientists studied the characteristics of organisms for most of the next one hundred years following Mendels discovery. These early studies concluded that each organism has two sets of character determinants, or genes (Stableford 16). For instance, in regards to eye color, a child could receive one set of genes from his or her father that were encoded one blue, and the other brown. The same child could also receive two brown genes from his or her mother. The conclusion for this inheritance would be the chil d has a three in four chance of having brown eyes, and a one in three chance of having blue eyes (Stableford 16). Genes are transmitted through chromosomes which reside in the nucleus of every living organisms cells. Each chromosome is made up of fine strands of deoxyribonucleic acids, or DNA. The information carried on the DNA determines the cells function within the organism. Sex cells are the only cells that contain a complete DNA map of the organism, therefore, the structure of a DNA molecule or combination of DNA molecules determines the shape, form, and function of the offspring (Lewin 1). DNA discovery is attributed to the research of three scientists, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins, and James Dewey Watson in 1951. They were all later accredited with the Nobel Prize in physiology and medicine in 1962 (Lewin 1). The new science of genetic engineering aims to take a dramatic short cut in the slow process of evolution (Stableford 25). In essence, scientists aim to remove one gene from an organisms DNA, and place it into the DNA of another organism. This would create a new DNA strand, full of new encoded instructions; a strand that would have taken Mother Nature millions of years of natural selection to develop. Isolating and removing a desired gene from a DNA strand involves many different tools. DNA can be broken up by exposing it to ultra-highfrequency sound waves, but this is an extremely inaccurate way of isolating a desirable DNA section (Stableford 26). A more accurate way of DNA splicing is the use of restriction enzymes, which are produced by various species of bacteria (Clarke 1). The restriction enzymes cut the DNA strand at a particular location called a nucleotide base, which makes up a DNA molecule. Now that the desired portion of the DNA is cut out, it can be joined to anothe str and of DNA by using enzymes called ligases. The final important step in the creation of a new DNA strand is giving it the ability to self-replicate. This can be accomplished by using special pieces of DNA, called vectors, that permit the generation of multiple copies of a total DNA strand and fusing it to the newly created DNA structure. Another newly developed method, called polymerase chain reaction, allows for faster replication of DNA strands and does not require the use of vectors (Clarke 1). Viewpoint 1The possibilities of genetic engineering are endless. Once the power to control the instructions, given to a single cell, are mastered anything can be accomplished. For example, insulin can be created and grown in large quantities by using an inexpensive gene manipulation method of growing a certain bacteria. This supply of insulin is also not dependant on the supply of pancreatic tissue from animals. Recombinant factor VIII, the blood clotting agent missing in people suffering from hemophilia, can also be created by genetic engineering. Virtually all people who were treated with factor VIII before 1985 acquired HIV, and later AIDS. Being completely pure, the bioengineered version of factor VIII eliminates any possibility of viral infection. Other uses of genetic engineering include creating disease resistant crops, formulating milk from cows already containing pharmaceutical compounds, generating vaccines, and altering livestock traits (Clarke 1). In the not so distant future, genetic engineering will become a principal player in fighting genetic, bacterial, and viral disease, along with controlling aging, and providing replaceable parts for humans. Medicine has seen many new innovations in its history. The discovery of anesthetics permitted the birth of modern surgery, while the production of antibiotics in the 1920s minimized the threat from diseases such as pneumonia, tuberculosis and cholera. The creation of serums which build up the bodies immune sys tem to specific infections, before being laid low with them, has also enhanced modern medicine greatly (Stableford 59). All of these discoveries will fall under the broad shadow of genetic engineering when it reaches its apex in the medical community. Canada's Copyright Law EssayThe evolution of man can be broken up into three basic stages. The first, lasting millions of years, slowly shaped human nature from Homo erectus to Home sapiens. Natural selection provided the means for countless random mutations resulting in the appearance of such human characteristics as hands and feet. The second stage, after the full development of the human body and mind, saw humans moving from wild foragers to an agriculture based society. Natural selection received a helping hand as man took advantage of random mutations in nature and bred more productive species of plants and animals. The most bountiful wheats were collected and re-planted, and the fastest horses were bred with equally faster horses. Even in our recent history the strongest black male slaves were mated with the hardest working female slaves. The third stage, still developing today, will not require the chance acquisition of super-mutations in nature. Man will be able to create s uch super-species without the strict limitations imposed by natural selection. By examining the natural slope of this evolution, the third stage is a natural and inevitable plateau that man will achieve (Stableford 8). This omniscient control of our world may seem completely foreign, but the thought of the Egyptians erecting vast pyramids would have seem strange to Homo erectus as well. ConclusionMany claim genetic engineering will cause unseen disasters spiraling our world into chaotic darkness. However, few realize that many safety nets regarding bioengineering are already in effect. The Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (RAC) was formed under the National Institute of Health to provide guidelines for research on engineered bacteria for industrial use. The RAC has also set very restrictive guidelines requiring Federal approval if research involves pathogenicity (the rare ability of a microbe to cause disease) (Davis, Roche 69). It is well established that most natural bacteria do not cause disease. After many years of experimentation, microbiologists have demonstrated that they can engineer bacteria that are idence of regeneration is all around and the science of genetic engineering is slowly mastering its techniques. Regeneration in mammals is essentially a kind of controlled cancer, called a blastema. The cancer is deliberately formed at the regeneration site and then converted into a structure just as safe as their natural counterparts (Davis and Rouche 70). In fact the RAC reports that there has not been a single case of illness or harm caused by recombinant bacteria, and they now are used safely in high school experiments (Davis and Rouche 69). Scientists have also devised other methods of preventing bacteria from escaping their labs, such as modifying the bacteria so that it will die if it is removed from the laboratory environment. This creates a shield of complete safety for the outside world. It i s also thought that if such bacteria were to escape it would act like smallpox or anthrax and ravage the land. However, laboratory-created organisms are not as competitive as pathogens. Davis and Roche sum it up in extremely laymens terms, no matter how much Frostban you dump on a field, its not going to spread (70). In fact Frostbran, developed by Steven Lindow at the University of California, Berkeley, was sprayed on a test field in 1987 and was proven by a RAC committee to be completely harmless (Thompson 104). Fear of the unknown has slowed the progress of many scientific discoveries in the past. The thought of man flying or stepping on the moon did not come easy to the average citizens of the world. But the fact remains, they were accepted and are now an everyday occurrence in our lives. Genetic engineering is in its period of fear and misunderstandifng, but like every great discovery in history, it will enjoy its time of realization and come into full use in society. The world is on the brink of the most exciting step into human evolution ever, and through knowledge and exploration, should welcome it and its possibilities with open arms. BibliographyBioethics: an Introduction. N. d. Online posting. Internet. 2 Dec. 1997. Clarke, Bryan C. Genetic Engineering. Microsoft (r) Encarta. Microsoft Corporation, Funk ; Wagnalls Corporation, 1994. Davis, Bernard, and Lissa Roche. Sorcerers Apprentice or Handmaiden to Humanity. USA TODAY: The Magazine of the American Scene 118 Nov 1989: 68-70. Lewin, Seymour Z. Nucleic Acids. Microsoft (r) Encarta. Microsoft Corporation, Funk Wagnalls CorporationShapiro, Harold T. Ethical and Policy Issues of Human Cloning Journal Group: Sci/tech 11 Jul. 1997. 195-196. CD-ROM. UMI-Proquest. Snell, Marilyn Berlin Bioprospecting or Biopiracy? Utne Reader March/April 1996. 82-93. UTNE READER 1996. SIRS, 1996. Stableford, Brian. Future Man. New York: Crown Publishers, Inc., 1984. Thompson, Dick. The Most Hated Man in Science. Time 23 Dec 4 1989: 102-104

Shaving by Leslie Norris free essay sample

The short story â€Å"Shaving† is a coming-of-age piece that stresses the need for a family to have a strong and responsible leader. In the short story Barry, the main character, is in a position where his father is dying and he has the responsibility of taking care of him. One day after school Barry comes home to shave his father because he is too sick to do it himself. Through this the reader is able to comprehend the idea that Barry is ready to take over his fathers spot in the family. Leslie Norris illustrates that Barry is ready to become patriarch of the family through direct characterization, contrast with weather and symbolism. In â€Å"Shaving† Leslie Norris portrays that Barry is ready to become the leader of the family through direct characterization. Barry is mature and strong, yet his father is weak and now has to rely on Barry for everything. We will write a custom essay sample on Shaving by Leslie Norris or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Norris begins implementing this message by describing Barry as how â€Å"He walked solidly now and often alone. He was tall, strongly made; his hands and feet were adult and heavy. The room in which all his life he’d grown had become to small for him† (Norris 1). This promotes the idea that Barry is not just mentally but physically ready to become patriarch of the family. He has grown up and is able to function without depending on someone such as his father. As the story progresses the reader then gets characteristics of â€Å"His father’s face was fine-skin and pallid carried a dark stubble of beard† (Norris 2) that needed to be shaved. The reader can infer that Barry’s father is weak and he is ready to let Barry take over his position in the family. This is justified when Barry’s father lets him shave his face. His father is letting go of himself and is relying on Barry to pick up where he is leaving off. Leslie Norris uses contrast with weather to portray that Barry is ready to become the head of the family. Norris begins indicating this message when the end of the story approaches with â€Å"An overnight frost had still been thick on the roads, but the brisk April sun had soon dispersed it and now he could feel the spring warmth on his back through the thick tweed of his coat† (Norris 1). This demonstrates a change in season but also has the more  profound meaning of a change from boy to man. Manhood is approaching quickly and is hanging over Barry, as it will soon engulf him once his father passes away. As the story reaches its conclusion Barry’s by the window in his parents bathroom when â€Å"The window was full in the beam of dying sunlight and Barry stood there illuminated in its golden warmth for a whole minute, knowing it would soon be gone† (Norris 1). The idea of golden warmth helps emphasize that his dad is present and Barry’s standing looking out knowing that the end will soon come for his father’s life. This exhibits that Barry is mentally mature enough for his dad to soon pass away. Leslie Norris uses symbolism often throughout the short story â€Å"Shaving†, to represent that Barry is ready to become the patriarch of the family. She uses symbolism to bring out important ideas and points throughout the text. When Barry is in his parent’s bathroom preparing a tray of tools to help him shave his father, there is a cup sitting there that he notices. Since â€Å"The cup was much older than Barry. A pattern of fine translucent cracks fine as a web had work itself haphazardly, invisible almost through the white glaze† (Norris 2). This cup represents Barry’s father and how old and decrepit he is becoming. The cracks symbolize the weakness and defeat that his father is feeling and experiencing as he deteriorates himself. As Barry continues to assemble the tray â€Å"His father’s razor was in a blue leather case, hinged at the broad edge was one hinge broken† (Norris 2). The blue leather case symbolizes Barry’s father being sick. The broken hinge also represents the same meaning. This supports the idea that Barry’s father is breaking down and dwindling. He continues to get worse as time goes on and needs Barry to help put back together the pieces. Through direct characterization, contrast with weather and symbolism Leslie Norris illustrates that Barry is ready to become the patriarch of the family. Barry isn’t just mentally but physically ready to take over his father’s position. His father is weak and is ready to let Barry occupy his spot in the family. Norris portrays this through direct characterization of Barry and his father. The use of contrasting with weather also amplifies the idea that his father is willing to relinquish his position in the family to Barry. He is mentally able to conquer the tasks that his father’s position entails. Finally Norris uses symbolism to express the idea that Barry’s father is deteriorating and Barry’s job is to pick up where his father is leaving off. It’s a parent’s job to look after their child but in some cases it’s the child’s job to look after the parent.

How to Write Women’s #038; Gender Studies Research Paper

How to Write Women’s #038; Gender Studies Research Paper Feeling overwhelmed with an academic routine and have no idea how to complete your complex Women’s Gender Studies research paper? You are not alone. These 2 words â€Å"research paper† typically evoke instant fear and anxiety in almost any student. In this article, we will guide you through the most important aspects of writing a research paper from the very beginning to the end. Besides, we’ll offer you a short list of impressive Women’s Gender Studies research paper topics to help you get started. What Is Women’s Gender Studies Research Paper? Women’s Gender Studies is an interdisciplinary field that views traditional academic disciplines through the lenses of gender, women, and sexual minorities. When studying this course, you have to conduct the in-depth analysis of the intersections of race, gender, sexuality, class, and other concepts of identity. The background for this subject is varied. It relies on anthropology, sociology, religious studies, philosophy, history, and other fields of knowledge that have discussed or are discussing women and their roles in the society. That’s why assignments and their formats can vary greatly. A research paper in Women’s and Gender Studies is actually an extended essay where you have to present your own interpretation or evaluation of an argument. It is a piece of academic writing that should be based on your original research on a specific topic and your analysis and interpretation of your research findings. It sounds rather complicated, doesn’t it? Of course, this is a rather time-consuming task that will require a lot of your efforts and hard work. But you can successfully cope with it if you follow our easy gender studies research paper tips. Formally, a research paper consists of an introduction, the main body that may include different sections such as literature review, methods, results, discussion, and the conclusion. Sometimes, you may be required to write an abstract to give a brief overview of the content of your research paper. When working on your research project, you will need to complete a number of steps: Discover and focus a researchable topic; Find and read relevant sources; Organize and document all the necessary information; Plan your writing and make a working outline; Write the introduction, the main body, and the conclusion; Revise, edit, and proofread your final draft. How to Select Good Women’s Gender Studies Research Paper Topics Women’s Gender Studies programs cover a large variety of topics so you might be at a loss what topic to select for writing your research paper. The best approach to it is to pick a topic that you really care about. You will have to devote many hours of your precious time for doing research, outlining, drafting, revising, editing, and proofreading to ensure that your writing project meets the high standard. You will have a more satisfying experience if you work on a topic that you are interested in. Your genuine interest and passion will help you stay motivated and you are more likely to impress your audience. A good idea is to find a topic that is comparatively new so your research can have a real value or suggest some new approaches to investigating familiar topics. Before you start working on your research project, make sure you’ll find enough material on the topic you have chosen. And if your topic is too broad, narrow it down to fit the word count of your academic paper. For example, you are interested in the psychology of sex and gender and want to write about how a persons feelings, thoughts, and actions are affected by sex and gender. This topic covers a lot of issues, so you can devote your research to one of the following aspects: physical and mental health, gender identity development during a lifespan, interpersonal relationships, implicit and explicit bias etc. Still not sure which topic is worth your attention? Have a look at this short list of interesting Women’s Gender Studies research paper topics. Women’s Contribution to Contemporary Arab Literature Gender and Health Issues in the Contemporary World Prevention of Human Trafficking Women and Families in the Classical Societies Sex Differences in Crime Ethical Issues in Reproductive Technologies The Gender Gap in the American Workforce Women Leaders Who Are Changing the World Sexual Identity in Modern Digital Media How Have Modern Technologies Changed the Ideas of Gender? Gender and Race in Games and Culture Films by Contemporary Women of Color Influence of the Contemporary Globalization on Race and Gender Consequences of Inequality on Sexual Health in Non-Western Countries Women and Gender Relations in the Middle East Start Doing an In-depth Research on Your Topic Research is an important first step in working on any written project. It can help you in a number of ways: to understand the subject of your research paper; to formulate original ideas for your project; to develop a thesis statement/research question; to speak on your topic with authority. You have to gather resource materials and start reviewing them. You should find various primary and secondary sources related to Women’s Gender Studies. Look for them in your university library, online databases, and archives. Find articles in scientific and scholarly journals, critical books that cover women’s and gender issues and general/interdisciplinary ones, news in printed and digital media, personal letters and diaries, statistics facts, photographs, different texts written by women etc. When reading and evaluating your sources, you have to take notes. Besides, you need to keep track of all your materials so you can cite them in your paper and build a bibliography page later. There are lots of useful websites, for example, Purdue Online Writing Lab that can help you get a good idea what information you need to gather to properly cite your references. A good idea is to store your notes in a spreadsheet and create different columns for information necessary for your bibliography page and in-text citations. The common citation styles for Women’s Gender Studies research papers are APA, MLA, Chicago, and Turabian so before you start organizing your notes, check your instructor about the preferred citation style for your references. Writing a Draft of Your Women’s Gender Studies Research Paper You have done an extensive research and have lots of great ideas. But before you start writing your first draft, you need to organize your presentation. Don’t try to skip this important step because it is critical to the success of your Women’s Gender Studies research paper. Thesis Statement The first thing you should do is to create a strong thesis statement that will guide your writing. It’s a sentence that presents your main point that you’ll argue in your research paper. You have to present the subject of your paper and demonstrate your position in relation to the topic. The thesis statement will tell your readers what your project is about and will help you keep your argument focused. Wondering how to write a successful thesis statement? Here are some tips: Avoid using vague words and try to be as specific as possible; Avoid using jargon if you are not sure that your audience is familiar with it; Avoid using abstract words such as â€Å"culture†, ‘values† or â€Å"society† which can tell your readers next to nothing; Use concrete subjects and active words; Don’t merely announce your topic but make clear your specific â€Å"angle†; Don’t just report a fact and specify and justify your reasoning. For example, if the topic of your research paper is Gender and Crime, your thesis statement can be like this one: ‘Sociological evidence proves that recorded crimes have gender differences with typical male and female crimes and that most crimes are typically committed by males’. Outline When you have developed your thesis statement, you need to make a detailed outline for your research paper to see the overall picture. Outlining can help you create a structure for your paper and write faster while staying focused on the subject of your paper. Use brainstorming techniques to create a list of main ideas to support your argument and group them together. Create the body headings and subheadings. Write topic sentences for each paragraph. Think about at least 2 subpoints for every main idea. Organize evidence to support your key points. Introduction In this part of your research paper, you have to present the context and background for the rest of your written project. Start with a strong opening sentence to engage your readers and explain the purpose of your paper and your approaches to covering the topic. This part can also include an overview of the current state of research on your topic. End the introduction with your thesis statement. You can also provide a brief outline of your Women’s Gender Studies research paper and clarify the key terms/definitions that you use. Main Body The main body can be divided into sections and subsections that present main points or relevant supporting information. The number of sections can vary depending on the topic and the goals of your paper. The main body of your research paper has to show that you use relevant secondary literature and feature comprehensible argumentation and logical structure. You should also demonstrate your contribution – compare different theories, present different approaches to the issues that you are discussing, provide a critique of secondary sources, explain the main subject with individually chosen examples. Keep in mind that you should provide information that is relevant to the comprehension of your research question. The content of the main body will depend on your objectives – you can focus on methodological problems or the current state of research, give interpretation of the primary sources or present your own standpoint. As you provide your discussion of the issue, you should integrate your sources into it. It’s important to use references for all the literature that you use – ideas, data, and quotations. Conclusion If your research paper in Women’s Gender Studies has a complex argument, you may need to summarize the key points, observations, and interpretations to your readers. Explain the conclusions that you have reached in the process of doing a research and writing a paper. In this part, you can also explain the significance of your findings and move to a more general level of consideration. A good idea is to speak about the strengths and limitations of your work. Be creative and don’t repeat word for word what you have already stated in the discussion or introduction. You can also suggest some issues for further research to stimulate further thinking and to leave your readers with a feeling that reading your research paper was worth doing. Polish Your Draft No one can create a perfect first draft, so make sure you leave enough time for revising, rewriting, and editing. This process requires much time and work because it’s more than just fixing grammar or typos and adding punctuation marks. You will need to check the overall organization of the text, paragraphs, sentences, and documentation: the logical flow and coherence of your paper sections, the sequence of ideas in every paragraph and transitions between them, word choices, spelling, and the consistent use of a specific citation style. Some Tips from Our Experts on Language and Style: Use relevant terminology in the specific field of your research; Explain or provide definitions for technical and other important terms; Write in simple sentences and try to avoid complex sentence structures; Your style must be neutral, unambiguous, and comprehensible; Avoid passive constructions and repetitions; Don’t use such words as â€Å"I†, â€Å"my†, â€Å"me† too often; Such phrases as â€Å"probably†, ‘likely†, â€Å"certainly† etc. can help evaluate your statements; Don’t use verb contractions such as â€Å"don’t†, â€Å"he’s†, â€Å"isn’t† etc.; Make sure you correctly use all idioms and collocations; Let other people proofread your Women’s Gender research paper and fix possible mistakes. That’s it. It may only look that the research process is complicated. Our academic writers believe that once you get into the topic and start dive into it, the process immediately becomes intriguing and fascinating. Enjoy the journey.

How to Set Line Spacing in Microsoft Word - Proofread My Paper

How to Set Line Spacing in Microsoft Word - Proofread My Paper How to Set Line Spacing in Microsoft Word In the old days, getting a document written up neatly involved having a medieval monk painstakingly copy everything out by hand in elaborate illuminated script. Thankfully, now we have word processors, which makes life much simpler. As well as eliminating the need to hire a scribe, programs like Microsoft Word provide a range of formatting options to make sure your work is easy to read. In this post, for example, we take a look at how to set line spacing in Microsoft Word. What is Line Spacing? Why Does it Matter? Line spacing is the gap between lines of text in your document. College students are often told to use double spacing (i.e., a gap twice the height of the font) to enhance the clarity of their written work and so markers have space to leave feedback on a paper. How to Set Line Spacing Adjusting the spacing in a document is reassuringly easy thanks to the pre-defined settings in Microsoft Word (instructions apply to Word 2007 onwards): Select the text you want to adjust Find the â€Å"Paragraph† section on the â€Å"Home† tab Click on the line and paragraph spacing button to open the dropdown menu Select the desired line spacing (standard options range from 1.0 to 3.0) To double-space your document, simply click â€Å"2.0.† If you pick Line Spacing Options from the dropdown menu, you can also customize the spacing to suit your requirements. Taking Shortcuts If you find yourself regularly adjusting the spacing in your work, you could save time by using the keyboard shortcuts in Microsoft Word. For line spacing, these are: Line Spacing PC Mac 1.0 Ctrl + 1 Command + 1 1.5 Ctrl + 5 Command + 5 2.0 Ctrl + 2 Command + 2 To set the spacing in your document this way, simply select the passage(s) you want to modify and use the shortcut for the spacing desired. To select all text in the document, use Ctrl + A on PC or Command + A on Mac.

Choose a country, which underwent a recession, and where fiscal and Essay

Choose a country, which underwent a recession, and where fiscal and monetary policies were used to overcome the recession - Essay Example It is said to be integral in a free trade economy. The United Kingdom recession of 1981 was a result of the monetary strength which in turn affected manufacturing and by the government’s policy to reduce its past inflation of 27%; they enforced a stringent monetary policy by impeding their borrowing. Taxes were increased and the consumer’s purchasing power was diminished resulting to a downfall in spending. After a decade, in 1991 a ‘boom and bust’ of the UK economy ensued. Growth was seen at rapid growth that became unsustainable that inflation rose to 10%. Again, government set in and imposed interest rates to halt the people’s spending. These interests had a domino effect as it affected mortgage consequential to foreclosure of housing loans or sell thereof (EconomicsHelp, n.p.). Recession is a phase of the business cycle usually following a peak. It is a period characterized by a decline in the total output, income, employment and trade. This econ omic downturn is also marked by the widespread contraction of business activity in many sectors of the economy. But because many prices are downwardly inflexible, the general price level is more likely to fall only if the recession is severe and prolonged. If an economy fails to recover from a recession, then a depression occurs (McConnell and Brue, 134). The economy of the United Kingdom is no exception for these economic recessions as they already experienced and recovered from recessions several times. What is apparent in today’s economy is that it has a global characteristic which has a worldwide effect among interdependent countries. Many believe that a plummet in Real GDP will ultimately affect employment. In the Great Depression of the 1930s which included the UK, the famous economist Keynes debunked this concept and contended that negative output over a period will not necessarily clear out on its own as was regarded by the notion of the self-correcting aspect of a fr ee economy. He cited that there are four reasons for this; first, â€Å"Firms should cut wages to reflect lower prices but in reality workers are very resistant to cuts in nominal wages,† second, â€Å"2. If wages were cut in response to unemployment workers would have less spending power therefore AD would continue to fall,† and third, â€Å"In a recession people have low confidence and therefore spend less. Keynes said this was the â€Å"Paradox of Thrift† (EconomicsHelp, n.p.). In typical years, gross investment or all the country’s investment goods - both that replace machinery, equipment, and buildings that were used up or worn out or just made obsolete in producing the current year’s output and any net additions to the economy’s stock of capital exceeds depreciation or the amount used up over the course of a year (McConnell and Brue, 116). During these years, the net investment is positive and there will a recorded rise in nation†™s stock of capital. However, if gross investment is less than depreciation, net investment will be negative. This means that the economy is disinvesting because it is using up more capital than it is producing. When this happens, the nation’s stock of capital will shrink. When capital shrinks, the economic activities will also decline or slow down. This is what happened in the Great Depression of 1930s and its effects were felt by all countries across the world. Banks play important role in an economy. They act as intermediary between the producing and the consuming units. Banks take in leakages in

Therapeutic Recreation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Therapeutic Recreation - Essay Example Suffering, it is thought, is reducible through objective solutions to health problems. The author believed naively that one day, every known problem to medicine would be addressed by an objective fix—which is a belief now breaking up in all areas of medical treatment. Unfortunately, the commitment to an objective, universal set of fixes is a false medical model for how things work in reality. Instead, the author believes human consciousness to be a tool of vast complexity to remember, contemplate, process, and think, which precludes a simplistic model of medicine. In contrast to the idea of suffering as an objective phenomenon with objective causes, the author points to extreme cases of hypochondriasis, in which a person’s suffering is entirely self-caused, and those who live with extreme levels of suffering, but overcome it to live joyfully. Given this wide range of how people deal with suffering, the author concludes that suffering transcends traditional medicine. Acc ordingly, â€Å"suffering is a spiritual experience, intensely personal, and full of paradox and mystery† (O’Keefe, 2008). At the other end of this spectrum is the idea of leisure, which is taken to be the opposite of suffering. In leisure, one finds joy with one’s activities, which is also a deeply personal and subjective issue. For both leisure and suffering, the author believes that â€Å"therapeutic recreation has a wonderful gift† appealing both to the suffering and the joyful in the whole human being. It is objectionable, according to the author, that therapeutic recreation is treated by some as a distraction from the apparent seriousness of a patient’s situation. A patient’s experience in a medical ward is full of objective news—good and bad—that ignores the suffering and leisure of the individual patient. An apparent implication of therapeutic recreation’s â€Å"diversion† from objectivity is the thought t hat therapeutic recreation does not know or care about the seriousness of a patient’s situation. This, in turn, leads to an attempt by some in the field to bring therapeutic recreation on par in objectivity to the medical field that specializes in problem-solving diagnoses. At this point, one can see the author take issue with the language being used in therapeutic recreation—language that is depersonalizing people and making it more difficult to understand suffering (and joy) at a humanistic level. The author predicts that patients will demand that the language being used is more accessible and humanistic: an idea that supports the theory saying therapeutic recreation should carve out a place for itself as a humanistic practice that acknowledges the spiritualistic aspects of human life. Suffering, after all, represents a very spiritual experience, given that it is represented as such in so many world religions as redemptive and necessary for meaning. Suffering, whethe r it is embodied in homelessness, oppression, poverty, starvation, or violence, affords an opportunity for experiencing emptiness (O’Keefe, 2008). From redemption and emptiness, human beings have the chance to experience the highest form of joy, which comes from giving oneself to a saving power (which, the author notes, is not necessarily religious â€Å"but certainly spiritual†). In addition, this suffering can be communal. Following the September 11th terrorist attacks, entire groups of people felt shared emotions. Some of these shared emotions were put at ease through

Orthodox Christianity Essay Example for Free

Orthodox Christianity Essay For centuries, the two major Christian sects of Orthodox Christianity and Roman Catholicism have been a center of comparison because of the resemblance in both religions’ beliefs and practices. But in my recent visit to the Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Miami, I have discovered the stark contrasts to what popular notions hold. Particularly, what befell upon me was a revelation that Orthodox Catholicism differs from Roman Catholicism and other conventional Christian churches as far as relevant doctrines, laws, standards for morality, organizational leadership, church services, and religious ceremonies are concerned. While Orthodox Christianity is generally being compared as similar to Roman Catholicism, its basic and complex theologies both concur to and diverge from that of the Roman Catholic faith. Orthodox Christians generally regard their religious system as a direct continuance of Christ’s ministry; they believe that their very sect is part of a long continuing tradition, otherwise called the Holy Tradition, which started during the first century and remained pure and intact despite the drastic changes that occurred across the world over the centuries (Ware 7-8). Orthodox Christian belief likewise holds that the Bible is the life giving tome of the church because it contains and uncovers the will of God, reveals the relationship between God and the early Israelites, narrates the events that happened during the ministry of Jesus, as well as Christ’s foundation of the first church (Ware 194-196). Apart from the sacred readable contents of the Bible, Christian Orthodoxy also considers it as the sole living witness to the centuries old tradition the sect continues to practice. And with blessing from the early church leaders with guidance from the Holy Spirit, the books of the Bible were expressed as the apostles’ way of handing down the tradition from one generation to another. Christian Orthodoxy merits the Nicene Creed with the highest of regard and considers it as a basis of its beliefs (Ware 202). As such, in its belief in the nature of God, Orthodox Christianity employs a Trinitarian concept or one God with three different personas: The Father, The Son, and The Holy Spirit. The Orthodox doctrine furthers that God is an omnipotent being that constitutes no physical form, and is therefore a transcendent being (Ware 210-211). A Distinct Orthodox Catholic belief is in the concept that man is an image and likeness of God. This belief is stressed in extreme senses that Orthodox Christianity’s adherents consider humankind’s resemblance to God as a means of carrying the icon of God within the self (Benz 18). Because of the central idea that man is the image and likeness of God, Orthodox Catholicism’s notion of the original sin differs from most Christian traditions in such a way that the sin committed by Adam and Eve is not morally and spiritually inherited by humans. Instead, original sin is the separation from God’s grace and acquisition of physical and spiritual mortality (Benz 19). And humankind’s separation from God is an action out of free will, particularly when Adam and Eve chose to listen to the serpent’s word and their give in to their urge. Furthermore, Christian Orthodox belief suggests that the fall of man stained all of God’s creation with sin, and corruption while implying that Adam and Eve’s eviction from paradise is God’s way of avoiding man’s sin, wickedness, and corruption from lasting endlessly (Ware 218-219). The Orthodox Christians’ general concept of sin and corruption meanwhile is milder than any other Christian sect or any other religious system for that matter. Sin, as Orthodox Christian doctrine holds, encompasses a contamination, deformation, and infliction of damage on God’s image. However despite sin’s vile nature and humanity’s vulnerability to it, man remains as noble beings because of the simple fact that humans are created in the image of God (Benz 19). As much as the beliefs and practices have renewed my perspective of Orthodox Catholicism, the church service I became part of was a very overwhelming experience. I thought my religion was already rich in traditions and customs, but what I saw and experienced in the ceremony brought my knowledge of Orthodox Christianity to new heights as I have seen and distinguished the difference of the ceremony from conventional Christian sects. Before going to the church, I thought to myself that it is simply going to be a typical service in a Christian place of worship similar to the ones documented in Christian television networks. However, set my eyes on the church, the distinctive style of the structure surprised me as I have observed a slight difference in the church’s architecture. I expected the church to have a dome-shaped top which is a recognizable design of most Christian churches. Except for the cross on the tip of the church’s roof, the external appearance of the church resembles a mosque. The color scheme, the golden plates on the roof all appear to me as elements of Islamic design. As I entered the church, I have received a warm welcome from the church’s senior warden Gary Popovich. He mentioned that every part of the cathedral was a sanctuary for everyone, even to non-orthodox Christians. As Mr. Popovich gave me a mini tour of the church, the interiors further made me notice the distinction of Orthodox Church structures from that of most Roman Catholic structures. While both churches are known to have long, wide aisles leading to the altar, Cathedral of Christ the Savior’s hallway leading to the altar was a little compact despite the conventionality of its length. However, the lobby area of the church, or the narthex as it is properly called, was similar to lobbies of other churches in such a way that it has a board which posts announcements of the church’s activities for the week. Mr. Popovich however added that apart from the usual acknowledging of guests, the narthex is also significant in that tables are set up there during Easter to bless food that would be taken home by adherents after days of fasting and abstinence in the Lenten season. And in days of divine service and obligation, candles and offerings are sold in the narthex. As I was to be part of the Eastern Orthodox Communion for a day, Mr. Popovich toured me to the inner areas of the church. We then proceeded to the main area of the church, which, Mr. Popovich regarded as the nave. This area is where the people stay during divine services, and is thus considered sacred ground. Along the walls and the ceiling of the nave of the cathedral, I noticed numerous portraits of individuals considered holy by Orthodox Catholics including a large portrait of Christ in the ceiling. Mr. Popovich was about to give me a guided tour of what he calls an iconostasis or the room where all of the religious figures and paintings were placed, when he told me to be prepared because the service was about to start. So I proceeded to the nave to participate in the upcoming service. Although I did not clarify if there was any appropriate attire for adherents, I wore the conventional clothing reserved for church attendance. As the service started, everyone gathered in the nave of the cathedral. I first noticed that no one among the people in attendance was wearing casual clothing. The people around me had conservative clothing; the males wore formal attire with collared shirts and sleeves with cuffs. The females were all wearing mid-length and long skirts as well as blouses with sleeves. In addition, most of the women, though not all of them, sported head scarves during the service. Furthermore, apart from the clothing, I also noticed the cathedral’s segregation scheme. All the males were on the right hand side of the nave, while the females were on the right wing of the nave. While I was fascinated by the formality of the people in the church, I never asked them the relevance of wearing such clothing. I simply thought that the sanctity of their church together with the value they uphold for their tradition includes dressing well during services. Mr. Popovich informed me prior to the service that what I am going to be part of was the evening services otherwise the Vespers. I recall senior warden Popovich previously discussed that the Vespers begins at 9 in the evening, an hour which was actually based on the exact time of Christ’s death: 3:00 pm or the 9th hour in antiquated time. The service starts with the priest’s ceremonial blessing and continued with the usual beginnings, which, is basically a sequence of prayers that include the trisagion or the common hymn in almost every Orthodox liturgical service (Perry Melling 190). The service then proceeded with the recital of the Lord’s Prayer before the actual scripture reading of psalms took place. The reader read about three psalms before reciting another short hymn called the troparion (Perry Melling 37). Another hymn called the theotokion followed the troparion, the hymn was sung in honor of the mother of God. Particularly, the hymn honors the virgin mother of God for the incarnation of Christ through her. The singing of the hymn also coincided with the entrance of the clergy; the clergy coming from the Holy Doors signified that the creation of the world also marks man’s selection to live in paradise (Perry Melling 295). As the service was progressing, I took a small window of time to look around and observe what was happening around me. In doing so, I noticed that most people get distracted at what they do knowing that an unfamiliar person is present to witness what they do, but I felt their utmost dedication to their obligations to God because my very presence did not even cause them to be distracted at what they do. Similarly, as much as it was a rare occasion for me to be part of their usual service, they must have felt that it was also a rare occasion to have an outsider among them, yet their dedication remained pure and untainted. A series of readings soon followed, after the clergy’s entrance, another series of hymns, the Phos Hilaron and the Prokeimenon marked a transition of the service to epistle reading. During the epistle reading, the adherents hear the words of God for enlightenment. For the first part, the reader read a passage from the Bible’s Old Testament. At the time, the reading was taken from the book of Elijah which announced what message God’s promised messiah would bring. After the reading of the scriptures, the Vespers was concluded by the Litany of Fervent Supplication and the final blessing of the presiding clergy. During the Litany of Fervent Supplication, the adherents pray that God may grant all Christians mercy. The litany is a responsorial prayer wherein the reader asks for mercy in every aspect and the people respond with the words â€Å"Grant it, O Lord. † After the final blessing has been given, the crowds of people are dismissed accordingly. Based on what I have seen in the liturgical service I attended, Orthodox Catholicism is a religion filled with tradition, symbolisms and customary ceremonies. But true service to God is not really measured by the traditions, the customs, and other rituals of sacrifice and praise; the true essence of serving God lies in a person’s obedient and relentless faith. Ultimately, the sacrifices and the customs do not matter if a person has little or weak faith. Works Cited Benz, Ernst. â€Å"The Eastern Orthodox Church: Its Thought and Life† New Jersey: Aldine Transaction, 2008 Parry, Ken David Melling. â€Å"The Blackwell Dictionary of Eastern Christianity† Malden, MA. : Blackwell Publishing, 1999. Ware, Timothy. â€Å"The Orthodox Church: New Edition†. New York: Penguin Books, 1997

Could U.S. policy have prevented the attack of Sept.11 :: essays research papers

What would make a group people hate the U.S. so much that they would commit the terrible acts of Sept. 11. Killing thousands of innocent people and taking away the hopes and dreams of many. Some of this Anti-American sentiment begins with our long alliance with Israel. Israel and the Arab nations have been at war for many, many years. The war and resentment between these two sides begins with a strip of land called the Gaza Strip. This piece of land has been fought over for decades. So because of our alliance with Israel most of the Middle East see it as siding with their most hated enemy! I also believe that some of our have come back to haunt the U.S. One example of this would be our support of the Shah of Iran from 1966-1979. The U.S. supported the Shah even though, the people of Iran hated him and felt that he was corrupt. So that led way to the overthrow of the Shah and his government and the rule of the Ayatollah Khomeni. The new leader had a deep hatred of the U.S.and led a new anti-American sentiment in Iran. Our next ally would be Saddem Hueseein, who at the time was enemies with Iran. So the U.S. made an ally of Saddem and supplied him with billions of dollars of economic aid. Which he used to primarily build up his military forces and with that military Saddem attacked a helpless Kuwait. Saddem destroyed much of Kuwait and the ensuing war between Iraq and the Coalition forces was on. When the U.S. allied themselves with the Mujahedin army during the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, who knew that Osama Bin Laden and others who fought in that war would wind up becoming the evil Taliban. It seems that U.S. policy is one of, if you are enemies of our enemies then you are our ally. I think that America should take a step back and take a long hard look at that region of

50 Cent Curtis Jackson Critical Essay

Curtis James Jackson, known worldwide as 50 Cent, is one of the most successful rappers of his time. He has produced many hits as a singer, and one of his greatest hits is Many Men. The song was produced in 2003 in the album, Get Rich or Die Tryin. 50 Cent wrote Many Men after he was caught in a shooting where he was shot nine times from his hand, legs, and his chest. He miraculously survived the shooting. Once recovered from the shooting was when 50 Cent decided to write one of the greatest hits of all time that he has ever produced. The song shows a lot of emotion since it was about the shooting that almost took his life away. He talks about how a lot of people wish death against him when he’s trying to accomplish and succeed in life as a rapper. The reason why 50 Cent wrote this song was to express himself how he felt about the fact that people wanted him dead and actually tried to take his life away. The song starts off by saying, â€Å"Many men, wish death upon me blood in my eye dawg and I can’t see I’m trying to be what I’m destined to be And niggaz trying to take my life away† (Jackson). This quote explains the distress in 50 Cent’s voice by saying these lyrics. This quote means a lot, 50 Cent lets us know that many people wish he was dead, he also reflects to the night of the shooting with the blood in his eye, and how he’s trying to become a rapper and succeed and become famous while people are trying to take his life away. Those couple of lines shows a lot of where 50 Cent comes from. As a young boy he had a very hard lifestyle, dealing drugs and robberies were part of his daily routine as he would make a living. Working on music really helped straighten him up as he focused on becoming a name in the rap industry and getting away from the drug business. There were a lot of people that had hate on 50 Cent, which led to the shooting that night and which was meant to take his life away. The beat to the song goes really well to the flow of the lyrics, and makes the listeners really get zoned in to the song and to what message he’s trying to say in it. The chorus talks about people wishing death upon him and how he doesn’t cry anymore and doesn’t look up to the sky anymore, and for the lord to have mercy on him. He makes the readers feel the pain he went through and the pain he still goes through being 50 Cent. Being rich and famous like 50 Cent doesn’t mean you have everything made for you. Having a substantial amount of fame can sometimes lead to trouble, as we saw with the accident with 50 Cent. In the chorus it says, â€Å"Many men, many, many, many, many men Wish death ‘pon me Lord I don’t cry no more Don’t look to the sky no more Have mercy on me Have mercy on my soul Somewhere my heart turned cold† (Jackson). By 50 Cent saying this, you can easily comprehend the pain he was in and the damage that will always be there with him, both physically and mentally, for the rest of his life. The beginning of the song starts off with 50 Cent and a friend talking to each other. You can then hear a car racing towards them and braking really hard, and then you hear the shots being fired. He does this to reflect back to the shooting. By doing this he lets people know what this song was meant for and why he made it. Even though it was a horrific scene, he reflects on it to show people what he’s all about and how he came back from it. The lyrics for this song come from his bottom of his heart. He expresses himself in a very unique way, something not every rapper can do. The fact that he sings about his life gives the song more meaning to it, especially since it was about him in the brink of losing his life. One of the verses that stand out the most in the song says, â€Å"Are you illiterate nigga? You can’t read between the lines In the bible it says, ‘what goes around, comes around’ Almost shot me, three weeks later he got shot down Now it’s clear that I’m here, for a real reason ‘Cause he got hit like I got hit, but he ain’t fucking breathing† (Jackson). This verse really stands out in this song. He starts off by calling out the guy who shot him saying if he’s an â€Å"illiterate nigga†, and then referring to the bible in a very straight forward manner. He then refers to the guy shooting him and how three weeks later he got shot, so that’s how the bible line comes to play. He then says how the guy got shot just like he did but the shooter actually died unlike 50 Cent, that’s how he knows he’s meant to be in this world and things happen for a reason. By referring to the bible in that verse, it shows how 50 Cent is close to God and that he has a relationship with him. He uses another line in his song that refers to God and he says, â€Å"Every night I talk to god, but he don’t say nothing back I know he protecting me, but I still stay with my gat†. Once again this shows how he has a relationship with God. Mentioning God in a song must be really special for him. Even though he says how he knows he’s being protected by God, the line after that means that he still carries a gun with him. This shows how the incident really got to him to the point where he needs to carry a gun with him to feel safe even though he knows God is protecting him and by his side. Overall the song Many Men in the album Get Rich or Die Trying was an absolute success. 50 Cent expresses his feelings in a very unique way to the people about an incident that almost took his life away. As we may know now, 50 Cent is in this world for a reason. He would always be remembered as one of the greatest rappers of all time and for the name that he made for himself. Like he says in his song, â€Å"You can call me the Don†.

Philippine history Essay

During the colonization of the Philippines, the Filipinos lost their freedom. They were being abused by the Spaniards. These are the settings in the Spaniards colonization: The Filipinos are required to pay a TRIBUTO or TRIBUTE (TAX). FORCED LABOR is established under the Spaniards government. It is where the male Filipinos 16-60 of age were required to work for the government for 40 days in one year. They were assigned to build or repair roads and bridges Sometimes, they would be assigned to work on a shipyards or foundries or to cut timber in the forest. They were also used as soldiers or sailors. The law required that the worker should be given a nominal salary and to have a free rice rations, but then the officials of the Spaniards government were corrupt and ignored the law. They pocketed the salaries and the rice rations were distributed to them. Another burden imposed on Filipinos was the BANDALA. It is a compulsory sale by the Filipino farmers of their farm products to the Spaniards. This system was being abused also by the Spaniards, their goods were undervalued and in many cases their products were not even paid for. The Spaniards introduced Western or European system of education wherein the principal aim of the education in the Philippines during Spanish regime was to make the Filipinos obedient to them and to be a god fearing Christians. Spaniards established many other systems which are only for their own good. The Filipinos became slaves for a long time. They abused the Filipinos. They were also being maltreated by the Spaniards. Others are being killed. By the help of our great men and some Americans, the Philippines became free from  the hands of the Spanish. And this is the end of the Spanish regime. The United States had a different approach in colonizing the Philippines. The Americans considered educating the Filipinos as one of their top priorities in The Philippines. They treated the Filipinos like their friends. These are the settings in the American colonization: The Americans built schools in the City. Because the Filipinos were hungry for education, they flocked to public and private schools in large numbers. They teach English language to the Filipinos. (The American soldiers were the first teachers of the Filipinos.) They established the Philippine public school system. It provided for free primary education and the establishment of a school to train Filipino teachers. They gave the bright young Filipino students an opportunity to take up higher education in American universities and colleges. They introduced Protestantism (It did not gain wide acceptance maybe because Filipinos were deeply believed in Catholicism). They also established Aglipayan Church (Independent Church). The economic development of the Philippines progressed.

Managing a Retailers Finances

Managing a Retailers Finances The merchandise budget The merchandise budget is a clear plan of the sales anticipated by a retailer over a given period in the future. The merchandise budget influences the amount of commodities to be purchased by the retailing company. It also highlights the possible reductions and markups that the company might have to embrace.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing a Retailer’s Finances specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The merchandising budget should be prepared after considering the anticipated sales, the stock on hand, and the required gross margins for the company to attain higher profits. The language of the budget should be clear, and the budget must be based on a specific timeline. For instance, most retail firms create a six-month merchandising budget. The variables contained in a merchandise budget include the planned sales, planned BOM and EOM inventories, and the retail reductions. The budget m ust also contain the purchases at retail and cost, as well as the planned gross margins of the buyer. Retail accounting statements There are three retail accounting statements. These include the income statement, balance sheet, and the statement of cash flow. The income statement highlights the profit or loss made by the company over a given period. The balance sheet is a financial statement that highlights the company’s liabilities, assets, and shareholder’s equity at a given time. The assets must balance with the liabilities and the equity held by the shareholders. The cash flow statement breaks down the effects of different financial activities on the cash available for the retail company. Inventory valuation Inventory valuation entails calculating all the costs involved in the process of placing the items in the inventory in place. There are two methods of accounting inventory systems, and these include the cost method and the retail method. Inventory valuation als o includes inventory pricing systems, which may follow the first-in-first-out (FIFO) procedure or the last-in-first-out (LIFO) strategy.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Merchandise buying and handling Steps in Merchandise buying and handling The first step is identifying the most viable sources of supply. This involves identifying the best manufacturers. The second step involves contacting the suppliers. The third step entails conducting an evaluation of the prospective suppliers. This process results in the identification of the best supplier. The fourth step entails negotiations on prices and services associated with delivery. The last step is the purchasing process, which entails making payments and receiving the merchandise on the part of the retailer (Dunne, Lusch Carver, 2013). Dollar-merchandise planning Dollar merchandise planning influences the allocation of cash in the company because it determines the best way to balance the stock and sales. The plan highlights the desirable rate of spending for the company (Dunne, Lusch Carver, 2013). Dollar-merchandise control The retailer must control the dollar plan by limiting the commitments on merchandise that would exceed the dollar amount that the buyer can safely spend. Dollar-merchandise control ensures that the retailer sticks to the merchandise budget prepared at the beginning of a given period of business (Dunne, Lusch Carver, 2013). Inventory planning Inventory planning is a vital process in retailing because it involves the alignment of the quantity, timing, sales, and production capacity of the inventory. This process facilitates effective control of the profit margins of the company and the cash flow system (Dunne, Lusch Carver, 2013). Selection of merchandise source The selection of a merchandise source determines the cost of the inventory, and the profit margins for the reta iler. It is important to select a merchandise source based on affordability and reliability of the source (Dunne, Lusch Carver, 2013). Retailers can acquire their merchandise from different manufacturers; hence, there must be a comprehensive system to manage the supply chain.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Managing a Retailer’s Finances specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Vendor negotiations Vendor negotiations entail discussions on the price of the merchandise and delivery information between the retailer and the potential suppliers. This process facilitates a ground for bargaining between the involved suppliers and the retailer. Item creation and location Item creation involves the development of a unique tag on the items in the inventory that can be used to identify the items. Retailers must create items and feed the data to the inventory database for reference. The items should also indicate their specific location in the stores for easy access during the process of taking the inventory. Replenishment and in-store handling If the retailer is selling perishable goods with short expiry dates, it is important to prevent the LIFO effect on the consumers by limiting the number of batches of the products displayed on the shelves. This ensures that the retailer achieves the FIFO strategy in selling and reduces losses caused by the expiration of products on the shelves. This process also helps in handling the storage constraints in the store (Broekmeulen Bakx, 2010). Merchandise-line reviews This process involves the evaluation of the identified opportunities and challenges associated with the merchandise in the past. It also involves the formulation of solutions to the problems associated with the merchandise by looking at the solution derived in the past (What are the Key Elements of a Merchandise Planning System? 2015). Markdowns Markdowns are the levels of price reduction that the retai ler is forced to apply to the merchandise to respond to various constraints in the market. These constraints could be the availability of cheaper alternative products or bad assortment planning of the merchandise (Sayner, 2011). Retail Pricing Pricing objectives and policies Pricing objectives and policies influence the pricing of the products in a retail company. The pricing objective should be aligned with the strategic financial objectives of the retail company. The elasticity of consumer prices should be considered while setting the price objectives and policies (Varley, 2006).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Target return objective This is an investment tool that is used to determine the rate of financial returns that a retailer is looking to achieve from the merchandise. Profit Maximization Profit maximization is a technique used by retail companies to influence the attainment of the greatest profit on investments. It entails the manipulation of the prices of the products in the inventory to attain the highest profit margins (Varley, 2006). Skimming Skimming is a pricing strategy used by companies whereby they place the highest possible price for a commodity. As soon as the first client purchases the commodity at the set price, the company lowers the price to attract other customers (Varley, 2006). Pricing Strategies Pricing strategies are crucial in profit maximization because they determine the position of the products in a competitive retail industry. Companies must develop pricing strategies that foster the attainment of the greatest profit margins (Varley, 2006). Pricing below the market Pricing below the market is a strategy that entails offering products at prices that are below the standard market prices with the objective of enhancing the competitive power of the associated product. Pricing at market levels Pricing at market levels entails the development of a pricing strategy that matches set by other retailers in the industry. This pricing method is common for companies operating in a perfectly competitive market. Pricing above the market Pricing above the market entails developing a pricing strategy that places higher than normal prices of the products offered by a retailer. This technique is associated with the maximization of profits. Using Markups Markups are strategic tools used to raise the price of commodities when the demand increases. Markups entail adding specified rates for different commodities sold by a retailer. Markdown Management Markdown management entails the development of a control system to determine the minimum level of profit mar gins that the retail company is willing to obtain. Markdown management is essential in the development of pricing objective and policies because it entails the reduction of the prices of different products offered by a retailing company (Varley, 2006). Advertising and Promotion Advertising and promotion are indispensable factors in the management of retail operations. Advertising and promotion help retail companies to increase their market share by enhancing the awareness of the presence of their respective brands in the market (Belch Belch, 2011). Types of promotions Advertising Advertising in the retail industry is a viable strategy to communicate to potential clients and to create awareness of the existence of different products. Advertising helps companies to maintain and increase their market share. Advertising should be conducted in a persuasive manner to appeal to the target market (Belch Belch, 2011). Sales promotion Sales promotion is a strategy applied to increase the ra te of sales in a retail company. There are different methods of sales promotions, and their main aim is to entice consumers to increase the demand for a specific commodity (Belch Belch, 2011). Publicity Publicity involves the development of awareness of the existence of products. Publicity is a marketing strategy that increases the sales of specific products in a company, and it is widely used by retailers to introduce new products to the consumers. Personal selling Personal selling entails the use of a salesperson to sell products to potential customers. Personal selling is an effective strategy in marketing because it creates awareness of the existence of new products, and it also provides a platform for the retailer to persuade the target customers to purchase products. There are many strategies used in retail selling, but they follow specific steps. These steps include approaching the customer, determining the problem to solve for the customer, and presenting the merchandise to solve the problem. Making the sale and developing a relationship to open grounds for future sales are also important steps in the process (Belch Belch, 2011). Customer Service Customer service is a concept that encompasses all the services that a retailer provides to the customers in the retail store and other business platforms. Customer loyalty to companies is a function of the quality of services that the company offers. Customer services are normally provided to the consumers before they make a purchase, during the purchasing process and after the purchase is made. This provides a comprehensive coverage of services to keep the customer happy and satisfied. Customer care is a tool for adding value to the products offered by a retailer. Harnessing market share in a competitive market is difficult; hence, most retailers add value to their products by improving the quality of their customer services. This quality is facilitated by investing in training and development programs for the employees, and providing some extra free services to the customers. This may include free delivery of products (Belch Belch, 2011). Retail Selling Retail selling is the essence of doing business in the retail industry. It entails the development of a relationship with the customer and persuading the customer to assume a purchasing behavior that is beneficial to the company. Retail selling focuses on selling merchandise at the most profitable prices and quantity. Retail selling is associated with the sale of small quantities of merchandise to individual customers. The trick is to maintain a loyal market share that can help in the attainment of the objective of the company. Most retailers increase their selling rates by reducing the prices of their merchandise, and providing services that add value to the merchandise. The quality of the merchandise also plays a major role in retaining market share (Belch Belch, 2011). Store layout and design The layout and design of a retail st ore determine the number of sales and the type of products that consumers purchase. A good retailer must develop a store layout that facilitates the arrangement of products in different related categories. The layout should also aim at maximizing the available space. The merchandise should fit on the shelves available; hence space management is a crucial requirement. The design of the store determines the accessibility of the merchandise on display (Belch Belch, 2011). One of the best strategies used by retailers is the placement of enticing and new products near the entry of the store to attract customers. The design of the store should ensure that all the merchandise is clearly displayed. References Belch, G., Belch, M. (2011). Advertising and Promotion: An Integrated Marketing Communications Perspective. New York: McGraw-Hill Education. Broekmeulen, R. A. C. M., Bakx, C. H. M. (2010). In-store replenishment procedures for perishable inventory in a retail environment with handl ing costs and storage constraints. Web. Dunne, P., Lusch, R., Carver, J. (2013). Retailing. Boston: Cengage Learning. Sayner, R. (2011). Markups Markdowns. Web. Varley, R. (2006). Retail Product Management: Buying and Merchandising. London: Psychology Press. What are the Key Elements of a Merchandise Planning System? (2015). Web.

Top-25 Chemistry Features and Articles

Top-25 Chemistry Features and Articles What are visitors reading? ThoughtCo. has you covered with this handy list of all of the top chemistry topics readers are perusing. Included in this top-25 listing are brief explanations of what youll find if you click the links. Using the periodic table  - The periodic table of the elements contains a wide variety of information. Most tables list element symbols, atomic number, and atomic mass at a minimum. The periodic table is organized so you can see trends in element properties at a glance.Chemical and physical changes  -  Chemical and physical changes are related to  chemical and physical properties.  Chemical changes take place on the molecular level. A chemical change produces a  new substance, as this article explains.Printable periodic tables  - Sometimes its nice to have a paper version of the periodic table of the elements that you can refer to when working problems or doing experiments in the lab. 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Reading reflection - Essay Example They do this subconsciously because it is what they were also conditioned to think. Most people do not realize what they are actually doing because they think it is the normal and right way of doing things, and they usually have predetermined expectations of their action’s outcomes. However, if there is any deviation from the expected results, it leads to disappointment on the parent’s part or they deem their child wayward or unbecoming. They go to great lengths to rectify the anomaly, which includes counseling sessions and even institutionalization in rehabilitation clinics, in extreme cases. When a person takes an in depth look at how he was conditioned to behave and what to believe, he or she can begin to see a pattern irrespective of where in the world they are. This is because it is all the same no matter what race we belong to. When we question this ordered and predetermined occurrence of events more often than not, we will be met with some resistance from different quarters of the society. The society is designed in such a way that we have the haves and the have-nots, the givers and the takers, and the powerful and the powerless. All of these people are comfortable in the roles they were programmed to play since birth, and if everyone plays their role then everyone is happy. Sometimes when a person critically assesses why some things are the way they are and tries to forge a new path for themselves, the society subconsciously tries to shut them down (Bradley, 2012). In most societies, disabled people are not expected to be better than able bodied individuals. When a blind friend of mine decided that he could sing and went ahead and started going to the studio to record his songs, he was met with ridicule and discouragement from everyone telling him that he was wasting money and time, and that no good would come of his efforts. This is because the society had a predetermined role for him to play and it did not

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Errol John and his work of "Moon on A Rainbow" Research Paper

Errol John and his work of "Moon on A Rainbow" - Research Paper Example Kenneth Tyran was aware about what happens in in theatre, in the year 1957, frustrations due to lack for sharp new writing, he went on to convince the observer that a play completion be launched. Moon on a Rainbow Shawl, by Errol John got the first prize, however, in spite of Joh’s play’s fresh force, John had struggle to get the play staged. It happens to be a shame that such talent could be overlooked as well as statement to the Nation that fifty years on, a stage for suitable stature for such a vibrant as well as subtle play has been found (Billington). Errol John, born in the year 1921 in Trinidad was a journalist before he moved to England in the year 1951 to look for a job in the theatre. Errol appeared in several productions in London stage. One of the well-known ones is in the Old Vic Theatre by the ear 1962, in the part of Othello. John made a number of appearances in film and television productions as well, although he played comparatively minor black characters that included the 1953 Heart of the Metter, the 1952 African Queen and the 1955 Simba, while head key starring roles within the BBC series such as the 1956 A man from the Sun as well as the 1967 Rainbow city. The themes of Moon in a Rainbow Shawl, which are now regarded as canonical work for black theatre, happen to be currently relevant with the play’s depiction for immigration, aspirations of the post war community that lives in poverty as well as the struggles that the African diaspora faces (Erdinch). Set in a Spanish Port, Trinidad, the play opens up on some hot, late evening within a yard of two decrepit buildings. Ephraim happens to be returning from job where he works as a bus driver, as he and Esther Adams are having a conversation. Esther, who is a quite intelligent as well as studious girl is discussing the manner in which it is not possible for her family afford school fees for her education. Secretly, Ephraim is envious of her youth as well as her opportunity to create a